What happens if too much current flows through a conductor?

When too much current flows through a conductor, it generates excessive heat due to the resistance within the material. This phenomenon is described by Joule's law, which states that the heat produced is proportional to the square of the current flowing through the conductor and the resistance it encounters. If the current exceeds the conductor's rated capacity, this overheating can lead to various issues such as insulation breakdown, potential fires, and damage to the conductor itself, which can compromise its integrity and safety. This is why proper sizing and protection mechanisms, such as fuses and circuit breakers, are crucial for electrical systems to manage current flow and prevent overheating.