What term is used to describe materials that allow electrons to flow easily through them?

The term that describes materials that allow electrons to flow easily through them is conductors. Conductors are materials with free electrons that enable the efficient transmission of electrical current. Common examples of good conductors include metals such as copper and aluminum, which are frequently used in electrical wiring and components.

In contrast, insulators are materials that inhibit the flow of electric charge, making them essential for preventing unwanted current leakage. Semiconductors, on the other hand, possess properties between those of conductors and insulators, allowing them to conduct electricity under certain conditions, such as when impurities are added or when exposed to light. Dielectrics are materials that can be polarized by an electric field but do not conduct electricity well. Thus, conductors are specifically characterized by their ability to facilitate the easy flow of electrons, distinguishing them from the other types of materials listed.